高考阅读中的熟词生义

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2024新课标I卷



1. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. （B篇）
condition
熟义：n. 状态；状况
生义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病
例句：He suffers from a serious heart condition. 他患有严重的心脏病。


2. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing. （C篇）
pose
熟义：n.（为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势 v.（为画像、摄影）摆好姿势
生义：v. 提出（问题或考虑对象）
例句：When I finally posed the question, "why" he merely shrugged. 当我最终提出“为什么？”这个问题时，他只是耸耸肩。


3. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands along with the visual geography of distinct pages. （C篇）
geography
熟义：n. 地理（学）
生义：n.（建筑物、城市等的）布局
例句：Kim knew the geography of the building and strode along the corridor. Kim熟悉这栋建筑物的布局，大步流星地走在走廊上。


4. In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. （D篇）
document
熟义：n. 文件
生义：v. 记录，记载
例句：Causes of the disease have been well documented.这种疾病的起因已有完备的记载。



2024新课标II卷



1. With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. （A篇）
promise
熟义：v. 承诺；答应；保证
生义：v. 使很可能；预示
例句：While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive. 这次专题讨论会将会很有趣，也一定会非常有启发性。


2. This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introducesyou to the basic principles of photography in the wild. （A篇）
introduce
熟义：v. 把……介绍（给）
生义：v. 使初次了解；使尝试
例句：The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course. 第一堂课是让学生了解这门课的主要内容。


3. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.（C篇）
solid
熟义：adj. 固体的；坚硬的
生义：adj. 可靠的；坚实的
例句：This provided a solid foundation for their marriage. 这为他们的婚姻提供了坚实的基础。


4. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical  roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming Al revolution (变革). （D篇）
address
熟义：n. 地址
生义：v. 设法解决，处理，对付
例句：We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。


5. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...（D篇）
power
熟义：n. 力量
生义：v. 驱动
例句：The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. 这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。




2024浙江卷



1. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.（A篇）
cast
熟义：v. 投，抛，扔，丢
生义：n. 演员阵容，全体演员
例句：The show is very amusing and the cast is verygood. 表演非常有趣，演员都很优秀。
regular
熟义：adj. 规则的，有规律的；频繁的
生义：n. 主力队员，主演
例句：We are missing six first-team regulars because of injury. 我们有六位一线主力队员因伤不能出场。


2. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “youngprofessional”.（B篇）
throw
熟义：v. 投，掷，抛，扔
生义：n.（沙发等的）套，罩
例句：I bought four brightly-colored cotton throws. 我买了四个色彩鲜艳的棉椅套。


3. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. （D篇）
prize
熟义：n. 奖；奖品；奖励
生义：v. 珍视；高度重视
例句：I know that you prize our friendship. 我知道你非常珍视我们的友谊。





2023新课标I卷



1. The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. （A篇）
cover
熟义：v. 覆盖 n. 盖子
生义：v. 包括；涵盖
例句：The survey covers all aspects of the business. 调查包括这家企业的各个方面。


2. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.（C篇）
run
熟义：v. 奔跑
生义：v.（对……）进行（测试或检验）
例句：The doctors decided to run some more tests on the blood samples. 医生决定对血样再进行一些化验。


3. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same.（D篇）
capitalize
熟义：v. 把……首字母大写
生义：v. 利用（与介词on搭配使用）
例句：The team failed to capitalize on their early  lead. 这个队未能充分利用开场时领先的优势。



2023新课标II卷



1. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.（A篇）
draw
熟义：v. 画画
生义：v. 吸引
例句：The course draws students from all over the country. 这课程吸引着来自全国各地的学生。


2. As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.（D篇）
balloon
熟义：n.（热）气球
生义：v.（数量）激增；猛涨，快速膨胀
例句：In London, the use of the Tube has ballooned. 在伦敦，坐地铁的人激增。


3. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live. but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.（D篇）
pocket
熟义：n. 口袋；兜
生义：adj. 小型的；袖珍的
例句：I bought a pocket edition of the Oxford English Dictionary last week. 我上周买了一本袖珍版《牛津英语词典》。





2023全国甲卷



1. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. （A篇）
story
熟义：n. 故事
生义：n. 楼层（= storey）
例句：My room is on the second story. 我的房间在二楼。‌


2. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.（C篇）
credit
熟义：n. 信用；学分
生义：v. 把……归于（常用被动语态）
例句：The invention of the industrial robot is credited to the company. 工业机器人的发明应归功于那家公司。


3. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.（C篇）sharp
熟义：adj. 锋利的
生义：adj. 犀利的；严厉的
例句：That ruling had drawn sharp criticism from civil rights groups.  那项判决已遭到了民权组织的严厉批评。


4. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.（D篇）
flood
熟义：n. 洪水，水灾 v. 淹没
生义：v. 大量涌入
例句：Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries. 难民不断涌入邻国。





2023全国乙卷



In 1322 she was tried for practising unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. （A篇）
try
熟义：v.&n. 尝试
生义：v. 审判，审理
例句：He suggested that those responsible should be tried for crimes against humanity. 他建议那些责任人应该以反人类罪受到审判。


practise
熟义：v. 练习；训练
生义：v. 从事（医务工作、法律专业等）；执业
例句：He was banned from practising medicine. 他被禁止行医。


hearing
熟义：n. 听力
生义：n. 审讯；审理；听证会
例句：Protesters are calling for a public hearing. 抗议者要求召开公开听证会。




2022新课标I卷



1. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-classwritings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. （A篇）
draw
熟义：v. 绘画
生义：v. 获取；得出
例句：We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident. 我们可以从这个事故中为今后吸取教训。


2. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. （B篇）
way
熟义：n. 方式
生义：adv. 很远；大量
例句：The price is way above what we can afford. 这价格大大超过了我们的支付能力。





2022全国甲卷



Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.（A篇）
pick
熟义：v. 挑选
生义：n. 精品；精华；最好的东西
例句：We’re reviewing the pick of this month’s new books. 我们正在做本月的精品新书评介。




2022全国乙卷



1. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.（A篇）
some
熟义：det. 一些
生义：adv. 大约，差不多
例句：Some thirty people attended the funeral. 大约有三十人参加了葬礼。


celebrate
熟义：v. 庆祝
生义：v. 赞美；颂扬；歌颂
例句：The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。


2. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead.（B篇）
expand
熟义：v. 扩大
生义：v. 详细阐明
例句：I repeated the question and waited for her to expand. 我把问题重复了一遍，等着她详细回答。


3. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. （B篇）
sweep
熟义：v. 打扫
生义：n. 一长段；一大片
例句：Her book covers the long sweep of the country’s history. 她的著作涵盖了该国漫长的历史。